1. WHY ARCHITECTURE MATTERS
Architects
Architects and Architecture
Group Discussion
Enterprise Architecture Definitions (Wikipedia)
More Enterprise Architecture Definitions
A Rose By Any Other Name
Enterprise, Solution, and Technical Architectures
City Planners
City Planning and EA
Examples of Enterprise Architecture
Solution Architecture
Examples of Solution Architecture
Solution Architecture Example: SOA for Insurance
Technical Architecture
Examples of Technical Architecture
Technical Architecture Example
Architecture Is Not Only Design
2. EA VALUE PROPOSITION
EA Value Proposition
Alignment
The Value of Alignment
Strategic Needs for Architecture
EA from Strategy to Technology
Tactical EA: IT Yearly Planning
Tactical EA: IT as an Investment Portfolio
Operational Needs for Architecture
Case Study – HUD
EA at HUD’s SFH Department
SFH’s Blueprint Definition Process Model
Case Study – Excellus Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS)
EA at BCBS
Solution Architecture at BCBS
BCBS Results
3. STRATEGIC ARCHITECTURE
Architecture Domains
EA Domains
Architectural Abstraction Levels
Each Abstraction Level Has a Unique Goal
Conceptual Architecture Answers the ‘What’
Conceptual Architecture Example
Logical Architecture Answers the ‘How’
Logical Architecture Example
Physical Architecture Answers the ‘With What’
Physical Architecture Examples
Aligning the Enterprise
4. EA FRAMEWORK DETAILS
Zachman Framework™
Zachman Framework –
Scope & Business Rows
Zachman Framework
What is the Zachman Framework?
Zachman Framework
Framework Rules
Zachman Framework: Row 1 Scope/Planner’s View
Zachman Framework: Row 2 Enterprise Model/Designer’s View
Zachman Framework: Row 3 System Model/Designer’s View
Zachman Framework: Row 4 Technology Model/Builder’s View
Zachman Framework: Row 5 As Built/Integrator’s View
Zachman Framework: Row 6 Functioning Enterprise/User’s View
Zachman EA Key Points
TOGAF™ 9 Enterprise Edition. About The Open Group
TOGAF Origins
Member (End User) Driven
TOGAF Scope
TOGAF Goals
TOGAF 9 Components
TOGAF Capability Framework
ADM – Basic Principles
Preliminary Phase
Phase A Architecture Vision
Phase B Business Architecture
Business Architecture – Contents
Business Architecture – Steps
Phase C Information Systems Architectures
Data or Applications first ?
Phase D Technology Architecture
Phase E Opportunities and Solutions
Phase F Migration Planning
Phase G Implementation Governance
Phase H Architecture Change Management
5. EA FRAMEWORKS AND METHODOLOGIES
The Importance of a Framework for EA
EA Framework Family Tree
Zachman Framework
Zachman Framework Example
The Scope of the Zachman Framework
Zachman Framework Strengths and Weaknesses
TOGAF™
TOGAF Architecture Model
Architectural Development Methodology
TOGAF Artifact Example
TOGAF Strengths and Weaknesses
Federal Enterprise Architectural Framework (FEAF)
FEAF Models
FEAF Artifact Example –
DRM
FEAF Strengths and Weaknesses
DoDAF / MoDAF
DoDAF Views
Integrated Views
DoDAF Example – Operational View (OV)
MoDAF Views
DoDAF / MoDAF Strengths and Weaknesses
TRAK
TRAK Architecture Perspectives
Other Aspects of TRAK
TRAK Strengths and Weaknesses
Which Framework is Right for Your Organization?
6. ARCHITECTURE PRINCIPLES
EA Principles: Definition
Categories of Principles – 1/2
Categories of Principles – 2/2
EA Principles: They are Essential
EA Principles in the Wild – 1/2
EA Principles in the Wild – 2/2
Components of EA Principles
Qualities of Principles
EA Principles: Creation Process
Applying Architecture Principles
Business Principle: TOGAF Example – 1/2
Business Principle: TOGAF Example – 2/2
Data Principle: NIH Example – 1/2
Data Principle: NIH Example – 2/2
Enterprise Principle: MIT Example – 1/2
Enterprise Principle: MIT Example – 2/2
Class Exercise
7. GOVERNING EA
What is Governance?
IT Governance
IT Decision Making
IT Governance Models
Business Monarchy
IT Monarchy
Feudal
Federal
IT Duopoly
Anarchy
Governance Decision Matrix
IT Governance at UPS
IT Governance at Dupont
Typical Governance Patterns
Study Findings
Governance Best Practices
8. DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING AN EA PROGRAM
Enterprise-wide Architecture
Step 1: Determine EA Maturity
GAO EAMMF: Stages
GAO EAMMF: Attributes
GAO Enterprise Architecture Management Maturity Framework (EAMMF)
Step 2: Initiate an EA Program
EA as an Enterprise Asset
Obtain Executive Buy-In
Issue Executive EA Policy
Obtain Senior Executives and Business Units Support
Establish Management Structure and Control
Role: Chief Enterprise Architect
Team: Establish EA Steering Committee
Team: Establish EA Office
Team: EA Core Team
Step 3: Define Architecture Process and Approach
EA Program Activities and Results
EA Strategy and Communications Plan
Develop an EA Program Management Plan (EA PMP)
Step 4: Develop EA Content and Transition Plan
Initiate Development of the Enterprise Architecture
Creating EA Content
List of EA Deliverables
EA Development Process
Step 5: EA Maintenance
EA Maintenance
EA Adoption Best Practices (continued)
9. EA LESSONS LEARNED AND ANTI-PATTERNS
Key EA Lessons Learned
Three Critical Changes EA Must Make To Survive Hard Times
Scott Ambler’s EA Anti-Patterns
EA Anti-Patterns
10. DOCUMENTING ARCHITECTURES
Documenting Use Cases
Use Case Notation
Action Sequence
Use Case Relationships
Class Diagram
Class Notation in UML
The Name Compartment
The Attribute Compartment
The Operation Compartment
Object Diagram
Object Notation in UML
Object Links and Messages
Message Notation
Link Types
Examples of Object Links
Examples of Relationships in UML
Class Association Relationship
Class Association Relationships in UML
Reading Class Associations
Multiplicity
Reading Multiplicity
Aggregation
Aggregation: An Example
Composition
Composition: An Example
Qualification
Qualification: An Example
State Notation in UML
Start and End Points of a State Diagram
State Transitions
Sequence Diagram: Frames
Sequence Diagram: Frames Conditional Messages (alt)
Sequence Diagram: Frames Conditional Messages (opt)
Sequence Diagram: Frames Loop Messages (loop)
Sequence Diagram: Frames: Nesting
Sequence Diagram: Frames Interaction Occurrences
Sequence Diagram: Frames Interaction Occurrences…
Sequence Diagram: Frames Interaction Occurrences…
Sequence Diagram: Frames Interaction Occurrences…
BPMN Introduction
Key Tasks in Process Modeling
Roles and Responsibilities 1/2
Roles and Responsibilities 2/2
Process Modeling Standards
What is BPMN?
What Does BPMN Include?
The Eye of the Beholder
BPMN and BPEL
Basic Structure of a Process
Using Subprocess
The Start Event
Normal End Events
Abnormal End Events
Intermediate Events
Process State Management 1/2
Process State Management 2/2
Gateways
Exclusive Condition
Exclusive Condition Examples
Inclusive Condition
Parallel Execution
Event Choice
Merging Branches
Merging Examples
Looping with BMPN
Looping Options
More Examples
Modeling Roles & Responsibilities
Using Swim Lanes
Modeling B2B Interaction
Trading Partner Design Pattern
Modeling B2B Interactions
B2B Interaction Example
Black Box White Box Modeling
UML and BPMN comparison